Bitumen coated surface and method of making



Patented Sept. 6, 1949 Jacob van denierge; Amsterdam, *fr

assigner Francisco; Gali; a: corp sans iff ne@ are 4 Claims. (ol. rifeegli Several" types, Cf bituminous Substances: P'Qse'- f ing diiern ehyeivai and/01 website? there@ tersiic's-y Thus, V-S0111@ sia-Ses oi Proteutins faces it is frefiiienily desirable if? wat Qi lllfgrlate the material witl'i abituminous sub'- Staiice possessing a! relatively' 10W penetratie inf des and' then novi-M119 thus. ireate'dmatriel with a bituminous substance', i-` e'- asphalii' bitumen having a relatively higher penetration index: It is known that when asphaltie: bitumens possessing differentPeneireimindies are @15129584 in tienta@ with @eeh other a4 ,Certain Dheriemeripn weie is frequerliltundesiebl @Gems-- )FTQ iii: tiene;iwherllenesphalii@ bitume @une e rlaf tively Dieh penetration index Such 295 il @will iseioleuiev @inhalt isv .dismissed 0r plaesi-` in leef beet with@ wexidizes nemaltype @Satellit btumeegthe ahesiee between?! the two' bitumen teomes rlaiivelt Der so that the layers" mexbe relatively eaeilif' femm/ed frem- @eetl @het The wmeiheeoneiwn mailen@ @sieurs when BWG embellie biiumens of the Same time .flor examele-eiheblbwewpe which el@ vflrsquentlii calledeelfiime' asphalte bitume-iis: a-S- listin? gushed from the unoxidzed or norineltype as:

phaltie bitumens which are frequently termed I sel-type lasphalte or asphaltie bitumenvs) but possessing markeglly differentv penetration indices, are *siiperin'naipsed or placed one on' the other: Thus, the plaln'g of a -blown=type asphalt having a p en'etxatiorA index of: aboutl +6`-'on= aV 1a-yer' of alo'lewn1 petroleum asphalt having ai penetra;- tion index' ofl +3Z will result in a laminated struts'- ture1or-`coating in whichA the adhesion between' the vlayers-'w-llilie lost in` a relatively short period off time. Withoutany intent offb'ein'g1 lin'xiiiecl"` byany theory off' tlf'ie case, this loss of adlesioni vfltli` time is considered te occur becausethevr mal'thenes (i. e. petrolenesr present inthe as'-` phalltic bitumen of' the'blowni typefis l diffused.: inta the surface ofi the vrunoX-itlizeflf or' normali* type: as pheltic bitumen or into the surface oitll'e'- as;i phaltie bitumen havingethe-relatively lower` pene- @reim index, thereby' ,Galleria the suea@ layer of the latter .te beeoipe more er .lese mit baldi' coating fan @iings are @melanie the mami @hermana en new am@ auditie s espilelie biwreioueater' ria? @t the @rilie-Y Sihce the abpyementienedlsweating 0r. b1541512- ing phenomenon penits tlierelatiie li-'splafemeet 0f thee-vier leyes witte ,fewest toi-thelloter Qrinner layer efe' leem@ .beating-"0f Prie @beve wie! the premium affbrdedf ythe asf ebelt-.ic @aimables ,leelrlefi iherefnari Obiet-Qf ille' l iovei'pisiifabeve .and 0th, r defelfis arid tb' I5 vide avlarninategasplaltief structure 'wllel A not possess tee aber@ ,detecte 'ieiiielt' 'Qbi di@ is tel prpluiclfe a.` metl'od .whereby a 0nl'uirali lemiriaiesiteeiing 0f @Sri-heme beninteso. ferent ne tration hdies ,irwhitl- ,HOT Q? 99- It has now been discovered that the above and other objects may be attained by coating the surface to be protected with a plurality of layers of bituminous substances having different penetration indices, the asphaltic bitumen having the lower pe'netration'iindex consisting of.,or containing at least about by weight of asphaltic bituminous substances in which the molecular ratio of the carbon to hydrogen of the asphaltenes of said bitumen is greater than about 0.95. The invention may be stated to reside in the process of coating the surface to be protected with at least two layers of asphaltic bitumens of different penetration indices, the bitumen having the lower penetration index consisting of or lcontaining at least 10% by Weight of asphaltic bitumens vpossessing the above-mentioned characteristics, namely bitumens in which the carbon to hydrogen mole ratio of the asphaltenes is greater than about 0.95. The invention also includes the laminated compositions thus produced. Although any asphaltic bituminous substance possessing the above characteristics may be used in the process of the present invention to produce laminated coatings in which the so-called sweat phenomenon does not occur, or occurs to only a slight and relatively immaterial degree, it is generally preferable to employ as the bitumen having the relatively lower penetration index an asphaltic bitumen prepared from residues obtained during the cracking of mineral oils or of their fractions. A particularly suitable bitumen containing asphaltenes in which the carbon to hydrogen mole ratio is greater than about 0.95 may be prepared from the residues of liquid phase or mixed phase cracking, e. g. by the Dubbs process, the residual oils thus formed possessing the desired penetration index characteristics. Also, certain straight run or even blown bitumens such as those prepared from some of the asphaltic petroleum from .Y

Netherlands Indies may be employed as the biturnen having the relatively lower penetration index since' such bitumens contain appreciable amounts of asphaltenes having carbon to hydrogen ratios of greater than 0.95.

Any type of asphaltic bitumen, and particularly those of the ,blown type, may be used as the second asphalt in the production of the laminated coatings provided such asphaltic bitumen has a sufficiently high penetration indexfone of the essential features of such asphalt being that it possesses sufficient hardness so that it will not dent on contact with objects or Slough oli the surface. These blown type asphaltic bitumens may be produced from a topped mineral oil, a natural asphalt, still residual asphalt, naphthenic extract from lubricating stock, or other bituminous substance. v Preferably the coating of the surface to be protected is effected by first applying thereto or impregnating it with the asphaltic bitumen having the relatively lower penetration index, which biturnen, in accordance with the process of the present invention, comprises asphaltic bitumens in which the carbon to hydrogen mole ratio of the asphaltenes is greater than about 0.95, after which the thus coated surface is provided with a second coating of an asphaltic bitumen, preferably of the blown type, said bitumen possessing a higher penetration index than the first bituminous substance applied to they material to be protected. j

The following examples are presented for the purpose of furtherv illustrating the present invention:

Example I A jute fabric was first impregnated with a Venezuelan asphaltic bitumen having the following characteristics: a penetration of 45 at 25 C.; a ring and ball melting point of 53.5 C.; a penetration '.jind'ex of -0.6; an asphaltene content of 15 %l by'weight; and a carbon to hydrogen mole -ratio of the asphaltenes of 0.80. Thereafter the fabric thus coated was provided on both sides with a coating of a blown type asphaltic bitumen having a lpenetration of 40 at 25 C., a ring and ball melting point of C., and a penetration index of +44. It was noted that when the fabric thus coated was maintained at a temperature of 40 C.,y sweating occurred after even a short storage period, the layers of asphalt being readily removable from each other.

Example II A jute fabric was coated in the same manner as that described in Example I except for the fact that the rst impregnation of the fabric was effected with a Dubbs asphaltic bitumen having a penetration of 43 at 25 C., a ring and ball melting point of 43 C., a penetration index of 2.1, an asphaltene content of 30% by weight, and a carbon to hydrogen ratio of the asphaltenes equal to 1.25, this asphaltic bitumen being employed lnstead of the Venezuelan asphalt used for the rst impregnation described in the previous example. As in said example, the impregnated fabric was then coated with the blown type asphaltic bitumen having the physical and chemical characteristics set forth in Example I. It was found that no sweating' occurred even after a prolonged storage at a temperature of 40 C. There was excellent adhesion between the bituminous layers.

Emample III A jute fabric was rst impregnated with an asphaltic bitumen from asphaltic petroleum oil originating in Netherlands Indies, this asphaltic bitumen having a penetration of 45 .at 25 C., a ring and ball melting point of 48.5 C., a penetration index of 1.8, an asphaltene content of 12% by weight, and a carbon to hydrogen mole ratio of the asphaltenes of 1.04. The thus impregnated fabric was then coated on both sides with the blown type asphaltic bitumen described in Example I. It was found that no sweating occurred, even after a long storage at a temperature of 40 C., and that'there was excellent adhesion between the bituminous layers with which the fabric was coated.

Example IV A jute fabric was rst impregnated with a mixture of equal parts by weight of the Venezuelan bitumen described in Example I and of the Dubbs asphaltic bitumen employed for the fabric impregnation in Example II. Thereupon the thus impregnatedv fabric was provided on both sides with coatings of .a blown type asphaltic bitumen having a penetration of 41 at 25C., a ring and ball melting point of 86 C., and a penetration index of +45. It was noted that no sweat phenomena occurred, even after the fabric thus treated had been stored for a long time. Also, there was excellent adhesion between the bitumen layers employed for the coating and impregnation of the fabric.

Example V A bituminous asphaltic substance was obtained by mixing 15 parts by weight of a Dubbs asphaltic bitumen having a penetration of 43 at 25 C., a

melting point of 43 C., a penetration index of -2.1, an asphaltene content of 30% by Weight, and a carbon to hydrogen mole ratio of the asphaltenes equal to 1.25, and 85 parts by Weight of the Venezuelan asphaltic bitumen having a penetration of 45 at 25 C., a melting point of 53.5 C., a penetration index of -0.6, and an asphaltene content of 15% by weight, said asphaltenes having a carbon to hydrogen mole ratio of 0.80. This mixture was used to provide a first layer on an iron tube, the coating being effected by immersion, Thereafter this immersion layer was provided with a second coating of ablowntype asphaltic bitumen having the same characteristics as those of the blown type asphaltic bitumen employed for the outer coating in Example IV. The tube thus coated was then stored for a long time at a temperature of 40 C. It was found that no sweating occurred, and that there was excellent adhesion between the bituminous layers.

The invention claimed is:

1` In a method of coating fabrics with asphaltic bituminous materials of diierent penetration indices, the steps of rst impregnating the fabric with an asphaltic bitumen having a relatively i lower penetration index, and having an asphaltene content of at least 12%, the asphaltenes of said asphaltlc bitumen having a carbon-to-hydrogen mole ratio of at least about 0.95, and then applying to the surfaces of the thus treated fabric a layer of an asphaltic bitumen having a penetration index higher than that of the rst bitumen.

2. In a method of protecting fabrics wherein the fabric is rst coated with an asphaltic bituminous material of a relatively lower penetration index, and wherein at least one of the thus treated surfaces of the fabric is then coated with an asphaltic bituminous material of a relatively Cil higher penetration index, the improvement which comprises employing as the asphaltic bituminous material having the relatively lower penetration index an asphaltic bituminous material which contains at least 10% by weight of a bitumen the asphaltene content of which is at least 12%, said asphaltenes having a carbon-to-hydrogen mole ratio of at least about 0.95.

3. In a method of coating surfaces to be protected with at least two asphaltic bituminous materials of different penetration indices, the step of applying to said surface, as the bituminous material having the relatively lower penetration index, a bitumen containing at least 10% by weight of a bituminous material the asphaltenes of which amount to at least 12% by weight, said asphaltenes having a carbon-to-hydrogen mole ratio of at least about 0.95.

4. A surface protected by a coating comprising laminated layers of asphaltic bituminous materials of different penetration indices, the material having the relatively lower penetration index containing at least 10% by weight of a bituminous material having an asphaltene content of at least 12 said asphaltenes having a carbon-to-hydrogen mole ratio of at least about 0.95.

JACOB VAN DEN BERGE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,731,067 Swenson Oct. 8, 1929 1,842,448 Eckert Jan. 26, 1932 1,884,471 Wittenberg Oct. 25, 1932 2,025,709 Baskin Dec. 31, 1935 

